By Juan Carlos Pereira (CFC-GS/UFPA)
Floresta+ Amazônia, or FP100, was conceived as part of a pilot program by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to test the viability of payments for results in REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), a mechanism established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).1 When approved in February 2019, the project marked Brazil as the first country to access this specific window of financing, based on the results of deforestation reduction achieved in the Amazon biome during 2014 and 2015. These results underwent a rigorous technical evaluation process by international experts, ensuring that the emissions avoided were real, measurable, and verifiable, in full compliance with the Warsaw Framework for REDD+.
This program is defined as an economic incentive mechanism aimed at maintaining and recovering native vegetation in the Legal Amazon. The Accredited Entity before the GCF is the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), which acts as the resource manager and guarantor of socio-environmental safeguards. Technical implementation is led by Brazil’s Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA), with institutional oversight by the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) and the participation of entities such as the Brazilian Institute of Municipal Administration (IBAM) and the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (Funbio) in the implementation of specific components.
The program covers all nine states of the Legal Amazon (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins), establishing a network of local offices and field agents to facilitate access to public notices. By February 2026, the project had already disbursed significant amounts, such as R$ 18 million to family farmers, demonstrating that the GCF’s financial flow is effectively reaching local communities. Over the past six years, the project has received nearly $40 million in disbursements, with 2025 being its peak year, as shown in the table below.
| Year | Amount Paid |
| 2020 | $79.254,00 |
| 2021 | $780.733,00 |
| 2022 | $1.508.910,00 |
| 2023 | $2.567.850,00 |
| 2024 | $5.241.220,00 |
| 2025 | $28.273.600,00 |
Source: PNUD – Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento
Although approval occurred in 2019, the life cycle of a project of this magnitude is long, reflecting the need to establish solid governance foundations before the massive disbursement of resources. The estimated completion date is January 13, 2029, which gives the project a horizon of almost a decade of operation. Confusion about the project’s completion may stem from some government milestones that refer to investments “until 2026,” which generally refers to the disbursement cycle of Payment for Environmental Services notices and the term of certain technical contracts. However, formally before the GCF and UNDP, monitoring, reporting, and verification activities extend until 2029.
Mitigation is the basis of the project, based on the historical reduction of 6.12 billion tons achieved by Brazil between 2006 and 2015. The USD 96.4 million in funding is a direct reward for this contribution to global temperature stabilization. By reinvesting this amount in forest maintenance and deforestation control, the project ensures that the carbon stock contained in Amazonian biomass is not released into the atmosphere. Mitigation here is not just an abstract concept, but a result accounted for and verified by the UNFCCC. The project helps Brazil meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which sets ambitious emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2035, serving as proof of concept that conservation can be economically viable through market mechanisms and results.
REFERENCES
BRASIL. Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima. Floresta+ Amazônia. Brasília, DF: MMA, [2024?]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/mma/pt-br/assuntos/controle-ao-desmatamento-queimadas-e-ordenamento-ambiental-territorial/projeto-floresta-amazonia. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.
GREEN CLIMATE FUND. FP100: REDD-PLUS results-based payments for results achieved by Brazil in the Amazon biome in 2014 and 2015. Incheon: GCF, [2019?]. Disponível em: https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp100. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.
PROJETO FLORESTA+ AMAZÔNIA. Home. [S. l.]: Floresta+ Amazônia, [2024?]. Disponível em: https://www.florestamaisamazonia.org.br/. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.
PNUD – PROGRAMA DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO. Brazil receives US$ 96 million for having reduced its deforestation in the Amazon. Panama City: UNDP, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.undp.org/latin-america/press-releases/brazil-receives-us-96-million-having-reduced-its-deforestation. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.
PNUD – PROGRAMA DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO. Projeto Floresta+ Amazônia. Brasília, DF: PNUD Brasil, [2024?]. Disponível em: https://www.undp.org/pt/brazil/projects/projeto-floresta-amazonia-0. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.
SWARTZ, S. et al. Results Based Payments for REDD+ under the Green Climate Fund: Lessons Learned on Social, Environmental and Governance Safeguards. Forests, [s. l.], v. 11, n. 12, p. 1350, dez. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1350. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.
