By Sândrya Neves (CFC-GS/UFPA) Within the framework of international cooperation on environmental and climate issues, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become one of the primary objectives of global agreements. Since the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, discussions have focused on mechanisms capable of encouraging, including through economic incentives, the reduction of these emissions. In this context, carbon credits emerged

By Yandra França (CFC-GS/UFPA) Presented in 2007, during the Conference of the Parties (COP) held in Bali, the concept of the Amazon Fund emerged to encourage the actions established in the Sustainable Amazon Plan (PAS) (https://www.fundoamazonia.gov.br/export/sites/default/pt/.galleries/documentos/biblioteca/PAS-Presidencia-Republica.pdf) and in the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) (https://www.gov.br/mma/pt-br/assuntos/controle-ao-desmatamento-queimadas-e-ordenamento-ambiental-territorial/controle-do-desmatamento-1/amazonia-ppcdam-1). It was officially established by Decree

By Lucas Ribeiro Cunha (CFC-GS/UFPA) In recent decades, the climate crisis has moved beyond being a topic exclusive to environmentalists and scientists to take center stage in corporate strategies, financial reports, and even on supermarket shelves. As consumers’ environmental awareness has grown and capital markets have exerted pressure for ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, companies have begun investing in

By Luan Felipe Gloria (CFC-GS/UFPA) Caixa Econômica Federal (Caixa) plays a key role in Brazilian climate finance; it differs from the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in that its focus is on urban development, housing, sanitation, and support for small municipalities. Caixa seeks to provide the financial conditions to promote cities’ adaptation to climate change, including projects such as the revitalization

By Alcilene Farias (CFC-GS/UFPA) What is the Climate Fund? The National Fund on Climate Change, established by Law No. 12,114/2009, is a public policy instrument designed to finance actions related to climate change mitigation and adaptation in Brazil. Linked to the Ministry of the Environment, the fund was designed to support initiatives that contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and

By Tiago da Silva Conceição (CFC-GS/UFPA) Banco do Brasil, a public financial institution founded in 1808, plays a central role in the national financial system, offering a wide range of services. However, this study focuses on its leading role in climate finance in Brazil, particularly in supporting sustainable initiatives and promoting a low-carbon economy. According to Lima (2025), “climate finance

By Lucas Ribeiro Cunha (CFC-GS/UFPA) Green bonds are debt instruments whose proceeds must be used to finance projects with positive environmental benefits, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean transportation, sustainable management of natural resources, and pollution control. The mechanism functions like a conventional bond, such that an investor purchases the bond and receives a return, but with the distinction

By Juan Carlos Pereira (CFC-GS/UFPA) Banco da Amazônia (BASA) has established itself as the central pillar of the financial architecture dedicated to the sustainable development of the Legal Amazon, moving beyond its historical role as a development bank to take a leading role in regional climate finance. This transition is taking place at a critical moment, when the preservation of

By Luan Gloria (CFC-GS/UFPA) The Adaptation Fund is an international fund established under the Kyoto Protocol and is currently linked to the Paris Agreement. Its purpose is to finance climate projects in developing countries, which are likely to suffer the most damage from climate change. The Paris Agreement, of which the Fund is a part, established an ambitious goal of

By Alcilene Farias (CFC-GS/UFPA) What is the Green Climate Fund? The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is an international climate finance fund established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with the aim of financing actions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change, particularly in developing countries (UNEP, 2025). The fund was