By Lucas Cunha (CFC-GS/UFPA) The national economic infrastructure is a fundamental pillar for the development and growth of the public and private sectors in Brazil (Garcia, 1996). However, in contemporary times, this discussion cannot ignore an integrated analysis of environmental issues, especially in view of the global climate emergency and the consolidation of the carbon market as an instrument of

By Rafael Sousa (CFC-GS/UFPA) Brazil’s Midwest region acts as the engine of the country’s agribusiness. However, success based on commodity exports hides a silent structural challenge: the need to sophisticate our economy in order to survive and lead on a planet under climate pressure. In our most recent analysis of the operations of the Constitutional Fund for Financing the Midwest

By Andressa Lima (CFC-GS/UFPA) COP30, held in Belém, marked a decisive moment for global climate finance by signaling a clear transition from negotiations to the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement. In an international context described as one of the most fragile since the adoption of the agreement, with geopolitical tensions, trade disputes, and questions about multilateralism, the conference managed

By Luan Gloria (CFC-GS/UFPA) Climate change is driving a crucial debate on how to reconcile maintaining actively productive and constantly growing economies with environmental preservation, outlining a new global productive structure. From the perspective of economic growth theory, authors such as Solow and Romer offer different views on how sustained economic growth can be achieved. Solow argues that growth originates

By Alcilene Farias (CFC-GS/UFPA) International climate finance has established itself as a key tool for supporting developing countries in implementing policies and projects aimed at mitigating climate change. These resources, which come mainly from multilateral development banks and international cooperation mechanisms, seek to complement domestic efforts and scale up investments in line with global climate commitments. What is the Brazil

By Juan Carlos Pereira (CFC-GS/UFPA) International cooperation on climate issues has become necessary given the global nature of climate change, whose effects cannot be addressed in isolation by individual states, as they result from interconnected political and economic choices in the international system (World Bank, 2010). Based on this observation, an international climate regime has been consolidated, structured mainly by

By Tiago Conceição (CFC-GS/UFPA) The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is the largest international climate finance platform, created under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and consolidated as one of the main instruments for implementing the Paris Agreement. Its institutionalization responds to the need to ensure adequate and predictable financial resources so that developing countries can address the

By Yandra França (CFC-GS/UFPA) In summary, Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are public financial institutions founded and maintained with contributions from member countries, which finance projects aimed at the economic and social development of client countries. Currently, there are about 30 MDBs, both regional and global (BRAZIL, 2023). At COP29, held in Baku, MDBs made a financial commitment to help countries

By Sândrya Neves (CFC-GS/UFPA) Climate finance is a central topic in the global debate, as it is recognized that climate targets alone do not produce concrete changes. The effectiveness of climate policies depends largely on the ability of public entities at the federal, state, and municipal levels to structure institutional instruments that organize, prioritize, and monitor the application of available

By Lucas Ribeiro (CFC-GS/UFPA) In the previous blog, we explored how Arthur Pigou pioneered the economic understanding of environmental externalities by demonstrating that productive activities can generate social costs that are not internalized by economic agents. Based on this finding, Pigou advocated state intervention through corrective taxes and fiscal incentives as a way to restore social welfare. However, throughout the