By Andressa Lima (UFPA/CFC-GS) The United Nations Climate Conference (COP29), held in Baku, Azerbaijan, concluded with the definition of a new New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance (NCQG). The final agreement established that developed countries must mobilize at least US$ 300 billion annually by 2035 to support developing nations in mitigating the effects of climate change and adapting to

By Douglas Alencar (UFPA/CFC-GS) The allocation of resources from the Northern Constitutional Financing Fund (FNO) plays a strategic role in the regional development of the Legal Amazon. Created with the aim of reducing regional inequalities and promoting sustainable economic activities, the FNO should, in theory, support investments aligned with environmental conservation and social inclusion. However, recent data reveal a strong

By Andressa Lima (UFPA) Brazil holds a strategic position in the global debate on addressing the climate crisis. With the majority of the Amazon rainforest within its territory, the country is a key player, both in terms of mitigation opportunities through forest conservation and in facing structural challenges related to land use, inequality, and sustainable development. In this context, the

By Douglas Alencar (UFPA/CFC-GS) The global climate crisis has imposed on the international community the urgent need to establish financial cooperation mechanisms capable of enabling both the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to the already observable impacts of climate change. In this context, the agreements established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and, more

By Andressa Lima (UFPA) In a world increasingly affected by climate challenges, access to reliable and up-to-date information on climate finance is essential for public managers, policymakers, and civil society to make informed decisions and drive effective climate action. With this in mind, the Center for Climate Finance for the Global South (CFC-GS) has launched the CFC-GS Climate Finance Tracker

By Douglas Alencar (UFPA) Access to public data on the agreements reached at the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is fundamental for understanding global efforts to combat climate change. Within this scope, climate finance emerges as a central pillar of the COPs, with developed nations committing to allocate resources to

By Andressa Lima (UFPA) In recent years, the climate crisis has become one of the greatest threats to global sustainable development. In this context, climate finance has become an essential tool for enabling the transition to low-carbon economies, enhancing environmental resilience, and supporting adaptation measures to already observed impacts. Since the Paris Agreement in 2015, this mechanism has taken center

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil exhibit unique characteristics, largely stemming from intense pressure on natural ecosystems and the country’s productive structure. Unlike many developed nations, where emissions predominantly result from fossil fuel combustion, Brazil’s primary source has historically been associated with land-use change—especially deforestation and forest degradation. Understanding the evolution of Brazil’s

By Álvaro Marcelino (UFPA) Created in 1989, the Constitutional Financing Fund for the North (FNO) has a constitutional mission: to promote economic development in Brazil’s North region, reduce social inequalities, and respect the environment. However, more than three decades later, it is necessary to ask whether the fund has truly fulfilled this promise or whether it remains just rhetoric—promising much

By Andressa Lima (Federal University of Pará) The Climate Finance Center for the Global South (CFC-GS) is dedicated to research and analysis on global climate finance, monitoring whether countries are fulfilling the commitments made at the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Established in 1992 during the Earth Summit in Rio

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Para) Post-Keynesian economics is based on a set of principles that guide the studies within this school of thought. One of the pillars of this perspective is the conception of a monetary production economy, in which firms play a central role in determining production levels, employment, and savings. The principle of production establishes that

Cláudio Puty (Federal University of Pará) The Hourglass of Time The European Union’s Copernicus laboratory has just announced that 2024 was the hottest year in human history, reaching 1.62°C above the average temperature in the period that the UN calls pre-industrial (1850-1900). It is important to remember that the reference ceiling in the 2015 Paris Agreements is 1.5°C, a limit

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) and Cláudio Puty (Federal University of Pará) The approval by the Brazilian House of Representatives of the bill regulating the carbon market marks a significant milestone for the country’s environmental policies. The proposal establishes the Brazilian System for Trading Greenhouse Gas Emissions (SBCE), an initiative aimed at capping greenhouse gas emissions and fostering

By Fernanda Feil – Economist, specialist in sustainable finance, and adjunct professor in the Graduate Program in Economics at the Fluminense Federal University – PPGE/UFF and Carmem Feijó – Full professor at PPGE/UFF and coordinator of the Financialization and Development Group – Finde  The transition to a low-carbon economy is one of the most challenging tasks contemporary society faces, requiring

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) The Conferences of the Parties (COPs) have been the main forum for discussions on international policies and commitments to tackle climate change, including the crucial issue of climate financing. Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires substantial and sustainable investments, particularly for developing countries that face structural and financial challenges in implementing robust environmental

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) In the report of the fifth session of the Conference of the Parties (CMA.5), “Matters relating to the Standing Committee on Finance,” held under the Paris Agreement in the United Arab Emirates from November 30 to December 13, 2023, decisions were made regarding the progress and actions on climate change. Additionally, past targets

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) The Climate Transition Finance Handbook, developed by the International Capital Market Association (ICMA) and adapted by DZ BANK with review from SUST4IN, establishes guidelines for issuers of bonds wishing to label financial instruments as climate transition bonds. This handbook provides guidance on practices and expectations for issuers to effectively finance the adaptation to

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) In the official report of the Conference of the Parties (COP) on its 28th session, held in the United Arab Emirates from November 30 to December 13, 2023, mechanisms for financing the transition to a low-carbon economy were discussed. The document Linkages between the Technology Mechanism and the Financial Mechanism summarizes the main

By Douglas Alencar (CFC-GS/UFPA) The demand for credit in Brazilian municipalities is a crucial issue in the current economic and environmental landscape. As municipalities face challenges related to infrastructure, sustainability, and climate change, the search for financing becomes an urgent necessity. This demand goes beyond mere economic development; it also involves environmental preservation and the implementation of projects that promote

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) report, held in the United Arab Emirates from November 30 to December 13, 2023, highlights several critical decisions, particularly those related to new funding mechanisms designed to address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts. These decisions are part of a broader effort to strengthen

By Dhruva Jaishankar, Executive Director, ORF America The following is based on remarks delivered at the inauguration of the Climate Finance Center for the Global South in Belem do Para on July 9, 2024. My thanks to the mayor of Belem, Edmilson Rodrigues, for his presence, and to Claudio Puty and to the organizers of today’s inauguration. I would also

It is a think tank based in Bélem with primarily focused on bridging the policy-finance-outcome knowledge gap in the Global South.