By Sândrya Neves (CFC-GS/UFPA) The project known as the First Development Policy Financing Program for Fiscal and Environmental Sustainability in Amazonas is a loan provided by the World Bank to the Government of the State of Amazonas. The operation is part of the Development Policy Financing (DPF) instrument, which the World Bank uses to support institutional reforms and public policies.

By Yandra França (CFC-GS/UFPA) The European Investment Bank (EIB) is one of the world’s largest multilateral providers of climate finance. In this project, in partnership with the Development Bank of Minas Gerais (BDMG), more than 100 million euros were made available to the Minas Gerais-based bank, specifically for the renewable energy sector. Through a partial loan established in 2019, the

By Lucas Ribeiro Cunha (CFC-GS/UFPA) WHAT IS BIOSPHERE PROTECTION? Under the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Creditor Reporting System, each development cooperation project is classified by a five-digit purpose code that identifies the sector and objective of the intervention. Code 41020, known as Biosphere Protection, covers activities aimed at controlling air pollution, preserving the ozone layer, controlling marine

By Juan Carlos Pereira (CFC-GS/UFPA) Floresta+ Amazônia, or FP100, was conceived as part of a pilot program by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to test the viability of payments for results in REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), a mechanism established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).1 When approved in February 2019, the project

By Alcilene Farias (CFC-GS/UFPA) Sustainable project financing, energy transition, and green finance are terms that have become increasingly common in public and academic debate in the face of global environmental and economic challenges. However, despite the growing centrality of these concepts, it is still pertinent to question how these processes materialize in practice. Where are the resources allocated to these

By Andressa Lima (CFC-GS/UFPA) The expansion of Line 5 (Lilac) of the São Paulo Subway is an urban transport infrastructure project aimed at expanding the subway network and improving mobility in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. Line 5 was originally inaugurated in 2002, operating between Capão Redondo and Largo Treze, still disconnected from the rest of the system. The expansion

By Luan Gloria (CFC-GS/UFPA) One cannot talk about building a better future without thinking about how to reverse the climate changes that threaten the ideal conditions for life on planet Earth. It is widely acknowledged that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions need to be reduced in order to curb global warming. However, the key is to identify which mechanisms can actually

By Tiago Conceição (CFC-GS/UFPA) The Brazilian Amazon occupies a strategic position in the global debate on climate change, biodiversity, and sustainable development. In this context, climate finance has been presented as a central instrument for boosting the bioeconomy, understood as an economic model capable of reconciling environmental conservation, the valorization of traditional knowledge, and income generation from maintaining the forest

By Alcilene Farias (CFC-GS/UFPA) Tracking Climate Financing is a series of posts about projects that have received climate financing in Brazil at least once. The goal is to inform readers about the nature of each project, who finances them, how they are progressing, among other things. In light of this, this text addresses the Solar Development in Brazil project, a

By Yandra Chagas (CFC-GS/UFPA) Continuing the Tracking Climate Financing series, where we present specific climate finance projects featured in our tracker, we continue with notable Brazilian projects. Today’s selection is the Tietê River Cleanup Program Stage IV. What is the Tietê River Cleanup Program Stage IV? Approved in October 2018, the project is the most recent phase of a continuation

By Sândrya Neves (CFC-GS/UFPA) The Amazon region is often cited as one of the most relevant areas on the global climate agenda, and has been presented as a priority in international commitments and agreements on several occasions. In this scenario, it is to be expected that Amazonian municipalities will play a central role in tackling the climate crisis, since it

By Juan Carlos Pereira (CFC-GS/UFPA) Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) play a central role in climate finance, acting as strategic intermediaries between international commitments and the concrete implementation of climate policies in developing countries. These institutions not only provide financial resources for climate change mitigation and adaptation actions, but also contribute to risk reduction, project structuring, and strengthening national institutional capacities.

By Lucas Cunha (CFC-GS/UFPA) The national economic infrastructure is a fundamental pillar for the development and growth of the public and private sectors in Brazil (Garcia, 1996). However, in contemporary times, this discussion cannot ignore an integrated analysis of environmental issues, especially in view of the global climate emergency and the consolidation of the carbon market as an instrument of

By Rafael Sousa (CFC-GS/UFPA) Brazil’s Midwest region acts as the engine of the country’s agribusiness. However, success based on commodity exports hides a silent structural challenge: the need to sophisticate our economy in order to survive and lead on a planet under climate pressure. In our most recent analysis of the operations of the Constitutional Fund for Financing the Midwest

By Andressa Lima (CFC-GS/UFPA) COP30, held in Belém, marked a decisive moment for global climate finance by signaling a clear transition from negotiations to the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement. In an international context described as one of the most fragile since the adoption of the agreement, with geopolitical tensions, trade disputes, and questions about multilateralism, the conference managed

By Luan Gloria (CFC-GS/UFPA) Climate change is driving a crucial debate on how to reconcile maintaining actively productive and constantly growing economies with environmental preservation, outlining a new global productive structure. From the perspective of economic growth theory, authors such as Solow and Romer offer different views on how sustained economic growth can be achieved. Solow argues that growth originates

By Alcilene Farias (CFC-GS/UFPA) International climate finance has established itself as a key tool for supporting developing countries in implementing policies and projects aimed at mitigating climate change. These resources, which come mainly from multilateral development banks and international cooperation mechanisms, seek to complement domestic efforts and scale up investments in line with global climate commitments. What is the Brazil

By Juan Carlos Pereira (CFC-GS/UFPA) International cooperation on climate issues has become necessary given the global nature of climate change, whose effects cannot be addressed in isolation by individual states, as they result from interconnected political and economic choices in the international system (World Bank, 2010). Based on this observation, an international climate regime has been consolidated, structured mainly by

By Tiago Conceição (CFC-GS/UFPA) The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is the largest international climate finance platform, created under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and consolidated as one of the main instruments for implementing the Paris Agreement. Its institutionalization responds to the need to ensure adequate and predictable financial resources so that developing countries can address the

By Yandra França (CFC-GS/UFPA) In summary, Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are public financial institutions founded and maintained with contributions from member countries, which finance projects aimed at the economic and social development of client countries. Currently, there are about 30 MDBs, both regional and global (BRAZIL, 2023). At COP29, held in Baku, MDBs made a financial commitment to help countries

By Sândrya Neves (CFC-GS/UFPA) Climate finance is a central topic in the global debate, as it is recognized that climate targets alone do not produce concrete changes. The effectiveness of climate policies depends largely on the ability of public entities at the federal, state, and municipal levels to structure institutional instruments that organize, prioritize, and monitor the application of available

By Lucas Ribeiro (CFC-GS/UFPA) In the previous blog, we explored how Arthur Pigou pioneered the economic understanding of environmental externalities by demonstrating that productive activities can generate social costs that are not internalized by economic agents. Based on this finding, Pigou advocated state intervention through corrective taxes and fiscal incentives as a way to restore social welfare. However, throughout the

By Luan Gloria (CFC-GS/UFPA) In the 21st century, the internet and global connectivity have become vital. There is a growing demand to expand the use of technologies, overcoming barriers. However, this vast network and the large volume of data generate direct environmental impacts. Although these effects may not be perceived by the end consumer, the virtual “world” is intrinsically dependent

By Tiago Conceição (CFC-GS/UFPA) Talking about the “end of the world” may sound like an exaggeration, even a meme, but the truth is that the signs are everywhere: extreme heat waves, water shortages, record floods, fires that turn entire cities into smoke. Science leaves no doubt: if nothing changes, the planet will continue to move toward a point of no

By Sândrya Neves (CFC-GS/UFPA) The climate emergency has pushed the world into new scenarios in which the economy, the market, and especially agriculture need to adapt to unprecedented rates of change. In this context, cities also become central and immediate elements of change, since they concentrate populations and infrastructure essential to ensuring minimum conditions of safety and well-being, especially those