By Andressa Lima (UFPA) In recent years, the climate crisis has become one of the greatest threats to global sustainable development. In this context, climate finance has become an essential tool for enabling the transition to low-carbon economies, enhancing environmental resilience, and supporting adaptation measures to already observed impacts. Since the Paris Agreement in 2015, this mechanism has taken center

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Brazil exhibit unique characteristics, largely stemming from intense pressure on natural ecosystems and the country’s productive structure. Unlike many developed nations, where emissions predominantly result from fossil fuel combustion, Brazil’s primary source has historically been associated with land-use change—especially deforestation and forest degradation. Understanding the evolution of Brazil’s

By Álvaro Marcelino (UFPA) Created in 1989, the Constitutional Financing Fund for the North (FNO) has a constitutional mission: to promote economic development in Brazil’s North region, reduce social inequalities, and respect the environment. However, more than three decades later, it is necessary to ask whether the fund has truly fulfilled this promise or whether it remains just rhetoric—promising much

By Andressa Lima (Federal University of Pará) The Climate Finance Center for the Global South (CFC-GS) is dedicated to research and analysis on global climate finance, monitoring whether countries are fulfilling the commitments made at the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Established in 1992 during the Earth Summit in Rio

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Para) Post-Keynesian economics is based on a set of principles that guide the studies within this school of thought. One of the pillars of this perspective is the conception of a monetary production economy, in which firms play a central role in determining production levels, employment, and savings. The principle of production establishes that

Cláudio Puty (Federal University of Pará) The Hourglass of Time The European Union’s Copernicus laboratory has just announced that 2024 was the hottest year in human history, reaching 1.62°C above the average temperature in the period that the UN calls pre-industrial (1850-1900). It is important to remember that the reference ceiling in the 2015 Paris Agreements is 1.5°C, a limit

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) and Cláudio Puty (Federal University of Pará) The approval by the Brazilian House of Representatives of the bill regulating the carbon market marks a significant milestone for the country’s environmental policies. The proposal establishes the Brazilian System for Trading Greenhouse Gas Emissions (SBCE), an initiative aimed at capping greenhouse gas emissions and fostering

By Fernanda Feil – Economist, specialist in sustainable finance, and adjunct professor in the Graduate Program in Economics at the Fluminense Federal University – PPGE/UFF and Carmem Feijó – Full professor at PPGE/UFF and coordinator of the Financialization and Development Group – Finde  The transition to a low-carbon economy is one of the most challenging tasks contemporary society faces, requiring

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) The Conferences of the Parties (COPs) have been the main forum for discussions on international policies and commitments to tackle climate change, including the crucial issue of climate financing. Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires substantial and sustainable investments, particularly for developing countries that face structural and financial challenges in implementing robust environmental

By Douglas Alencar (Federal University of Pará) In the report of the fifth session of the Conference of the Parties (CMA.5), “Matters relating to the Standing Committee on Finance,” held under the Paris Agreement in the United Arab Emirates from November 30 to December 13, 2023, decisions were made regarding the progress and actions on climate change. Additionally, past targets